結合混合儲能策略及能源管理系統實現無人機續航時間提升

Abstract

無人機的應用範圍十分廣泛，包括地理與建築探勘、科學研究、能源探索、農林業與娛樂等領域，近年來更是擴展到緊急搜救與軍事用途等。其中，無人機的續航力扮演了其使用的價值及其延伸應用性的關鍵角色。一般而言，提升無人機之續航時間的方法有兩種，第一是透過減輕機身重量來達到；第二則為增加無人機的電池蓄電量，以增長航行時間。本研究擬以超級電容(Supercapacitor, SC)及鋰離子電池(Lithium-ion battery)組成混合能源系統(Hybrid Energy System, HES)，利用各自的充放電特性達到優化無人機之電池容量提升續航時間。藉由能源管理系統(Energy Management System, EMS)監控鋰離子電池與超級電容的電量資訊做為決策條件，並以微控制器(Microcontroller Unit, MCU)控制混合能源系統中鋰離子電池與超級電容之輸出功率占比，利用最佳調適放電策略，充分利用鋰離子電池電能以提升無人機之滯空時間。

The application range of drones is extremely broad, covering fields such as geographic and architectural surveying, scientific research, energy exploration, agriculture and forestry, and entertainment. In recent years, it has further expanded to include emergency search and rescue operations as well as military uses. Among these, the endurance of drones plays a critical role in determining their value and extended applicability. Generally, there are two approaches to enhancing drone flight time: the first is by reducing the weight of the drone, and the second is by increasing the energy storage capacity of its battery. This project proposes a hybrid energy system (HES) composed of a supercapacitor (SC) and a lithium-ion battery, leveraging their respective charge and discharge characteristics to optimize the battery capacity and extend the drone's flight time. By employing an energy management system (EMS) to monitor the energy levels of the lithium-ion battery and the supercapacitor, these data serve as the basis for decision-making. A microcontroller unit (MCU) is utilized to regulate the power output distribution between the lithium-ion battery and the supercapacitor within the hybrid energy system. Through an optimal adaptive discharge strategy, the energy from the lithium-ion battery can be fully utilized, thereby improving the drone's flight endurance.